The effects of restraint, handling, simulated and real transport in the pig (with reference to man and other species)

Whilst the processes and effects of animal transportation can be described in direct terms, they can also be regarded as fear-inducing challenges. Some of the physiological and behavioural responses of pigs to aspects of simulated and real transport are examined. Evidence from other species is used to support data from pigs to show that the cardiovascular system is affected following environmental and emotional challenge. Detailed responses of pigs to simulated transport are described. The effects of vibration and noise are described and reference is made to the use of conditioning techniques which indicated that pigs developed an aversive response to vibration. The interaction between feeding and pig response to vibration is also described.