Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly: Epidemiology and Prognosis

Ninety-five patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) who were ≥ 65 years of age were studied prospectively. A definite pathogen was identified in 37 cases (38.9%) and was most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus injluenzae, or another gram-negative bacillus. The overall death rate was 40%. Eighty-three patients required mechanical ventilation and 40 needed vasoactive drugs. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of death was higher in cases involving rapid radiological spread (relative risk [RR] = 6.99; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.54–31.70), shock (RR = 6.70; 95% CI = 2.13–21.02), previous steroid treatment or immunosuppression (RR = 5.50; 95% CI = 0.77–39.10), acute renal failure (RR = 3.88; 95% CI = 1.30–11.59), or an APACHE II score of >22 on admission (RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 0.73–6.95). We conclude that SCAP in elderly patients is associated with high mortality, but it is inappropriate to withhold intensive care on account of age. The presence of complications and the severity of illness at initial presentation were the major variables affecting outcome. Except for inununosuppression, comorbidities did not seem to influence outcome. Finally, our data reinforce the current American Thoracic Society guidelines concerning therapy for patients with SCAP.