Emissions due to fossil-fuel consumption and cement production in Turkey (1970–1991)

Standard emission factors are used for estimating levels of particulate matter (PM), SO x , CO, volatile organic compounds (VOC), NO x and CO 2. Results are presented for different fuels and energy-consuming sectors. In the early 1970s households utilizing lignite made the most significant contributions to emissions, while manufacturing industries with both lignite and petroleum utilization were responsible for SO x , NO x , and PM emissions. Households continued to produce the same CO and VOC emissions and manufacturing industries continued to be responsible for NO x emissions through the 1970–1990 period. Power production had gained in importance with regard to SO x , CO 2, and PM emissions by 1990.