Is Li sub(4)Ti sub(5)O sub(12) a solid-electrolyte-interphase-free electrode material in Li-ion batteries? Reactivity between the Li sub(4)Ti sub(5)O sub(12) electrode and electrolyte

Does the Li sub(4)Ti sub(5)O sub(12) electrode need a carbon additive in lithium-ion batteries? We answered this question in our previous work by showing that the partially reduced Ti super(4+) on the surface of Li sub(4)Ti sub(5)O sub(12) could provide enough electronic conductivity to initiate the electrochemical process. In this work, we discuss the generally accepted fact that a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is hardly formed on the surface of the Li sub(4)Ti sub(5)O sub(12) electrode owing to its high redox potential by using the carbon-free Li sub(4)Ti sub(5)O sub(12) electrode to exclude the influences of carbon. In contrast to the previous argument, Li sub(4)Ti sub(5)O sub(12) was found to have certain reactivity towards electrolytes at room and high temperature (60 degree C). Moreover, in the presence of carbon in the electrode (i.e.the conventional electrode formulation), the reactivity of the electrode towards an electrolyte was significantly increased at high temperatures. These results were discussed based on surface analyses and electrode morphology observation before and after cycling, and correlated with the electrochemical performance.