The role of embolization in reducing the complications of cryoablation in renal cell carcinoma

Aim To investigate whether embolization prior to cryoablation would decrease morbidity without negative effects on tissue pathology, renal function, or recurrence. Material and methods The electronic medical records of all patients undergoing cryoablation for renal cell carcinomas were reviewed for lesion size, pre-ablative renal function, post-ablative renal function, post-ablative complications, recurrence, and quality of biopsy specimen. Comparisons were made between patients who underwent cryoablation (the Cryo-Only group) and those who underwent cryoablation after same-day coil embolization of their lesion (the Cryo-Embo group). Further comparison was made between the Cryo-Embo lesions and the subset of larger Cryo-Only lesions (≥3 cm), which were expected to have a higher natural complication rate. Results A total of 21 lesions in 19 patients were treated by percutaneous cryoablation (17 Cryo-Only, four Cryo-Embo). Complications were seen in 83% of the large Cryo-Only lesions (average size 3.6 cm), whereas no complication was seen amongst Cryo-Embo lesions (average size 4 cm). Embolization significantly decreased complications between size-matched lesions ( p = 0.048) without impacting renal function ( p = 1), biopsy quality ( p = 1), or recurrence ( p = 1). Conclusion Performance of trans-arterial embolization prior to cryoablation of large renal cell carcinomas significantly decreases complications, such as haemorrhage, without a discernible effect on biopsy quality, renal function, or recurrence rate.