Onychomycosis mycological profile in Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire)

The epidemiological profile of onychomycosis is poorly determined in Cote d'Ivoire. This study aimed to determine the fungal aetiologies of these onychomycosis in Abidjan. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to August 2011 at the Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital of Treichville. All patients who consulted for onycholysis were interviewed. All samples were analyzed by direct examination and Sabouraud-chloramphenicol and Sabouraud-chloramphenicol-actidione culture was performed. Species identification was based on microscopic characteristics of the fungus observed. A total of 53 patients were included. The prevalence of onychomycosis was estimated at 66%. The unilateral lesions were statistically different from bilateral lesions (P=0.010). Women were more affected at the hands than men (P=0.010). Five species of yeasts and two dermatophytes species were identified. Yeasts species were essentially Candida tropicalis (36.4%) and Candida albicans (30.3%). Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton soudanense were the only dermatophytes isolated. No contributing factors were statistically related to the occurrence of onychomycosis in our series. The observed onychomycosis in Côte d'Ivoire are mainly caused by yeasts. Although in our series the risk factors have not been identified, hygiene of the nails should provide effective prevention.