Production, purification and therapeutic potential of egg yolk antibodies for treating Trypanosoma evansi infection

The use of avian antibodies has aroused interest in biomedical research due to the numerous advantages compared to mammal's antibodies. Our study aimed to produce and purify IgY immunoglobulins in order to use as an alternative therapy against Trypanosoma evansi. Every 14 days, four New Hampshire chickens were immunized with trypomastigotes of T. evansi, totaling five inoculations. Eggs were collected during 70 days and the extraction of IgY was performed by precipitation through the PEG-6000 method. Characterization and purification of IgY anti-T. evansi were carried out by SDS–PAGE and Western blot, where heavy and light chains were detected. The production of IgY was noted during the whole period, and the average production was 2.87±0.14 at the end of this study. Sample's titration allowed the quantification of specific IgY anti-T. evansi, with antibodies produced showing high avidity indexes. The results indicated that T. evansi is able to generate an immune response in poultry, resulting in a production of specific antibodies. In vivo test showed that IgY treatment resulted in increase of prepatent period, longevity and survival of infected animals, when compared with the positive control, demonstrating an initial, but no curative, trypanocidal activity.