Can multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging predict upgrading of transrectal ultrasound biopsy results at more definitive histology?

Abstract Objective To determine whether multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) has a role in reducing the uncertainty in risk stratification by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy, using histology at transperineal template-guided prostate mapping (TPM) biopsy as the reference test. Materials and methods Overall, 194 patients underwent TRUS biopsy, who were followed up in less than 18 months by means of (a) mp-MRI with pelvic phased array using T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences and (b) TPM biopsy. Of those patients, low risk on TRUS biopsy was defined in 4 different ways—(a) definition 1: Gleason 3+3 (any cancer core length) ( n = 137), (b) definition 2: maximum cancer core length (MCCL)