A simple and reliable method to perform biomechanical evaluation of postoperative nerve adhesions

•We investigated two methods to induce perineural scar tissue in animal models: epineural injury and muscular bed injury.•We have developed a simple and reliable method for biomechanical evaluation of perineural scar tissue formation.•Both methods for inducing perineural scar tissue formation were effective in providing a reliable experimental model for the study of anti-adhesion strategies.•Multimodal analysis, by means of both qualitative and quantitative assessment, is needed for the study of post-surgical scar tissue formation in peripheral nerves. Perineural fibrotic adhesions are among the major complications of peripheral nerve surgery. While different experimental models have been used for the pre-clinical testing of anti-adherential strategies, the methods used so far to induce scar tissue appear to be poorly standardized and reproducible. Thirty adult mice were used. Two methods were tested: the first one is based on burning the perineural muscular bed with a diathermocoagulator, while the second is based on direct scratching of the nerve surface with a cotton swab. After 3 weeks, the fibrotic reaction was assessed by measuring the peak pull out force of the nerve from muscular bed by means of a new tool specifically devised for biomechanical assessment of scar tissue formation. Moreover, histological analysis with specific collagen stain was also carried out. Both methods produced fibrotic reaction. Statistical analysis of biomechanical data showed a significant difference between burning and scratching group compared to the control sham operated group. No significant differences were detected between burning and scratching group. Histological analysis showed the presence of perineural scar tissue in both groups, though with a different distribution pattern. This protocol is easier to perform. The tool used for biomechanical evaluation is reliable and cheap. Both methods for perineural scar formation are effective and simple. They represent reproducible models for the study of the anti-adherential strategies. Yet, biomechanical testing with the device that we have developed proved to be a reliable and simple method for the quantitative assessment of the degree of perineural adhesion formation.