2014 update on atopic dermatitis in children

The prevalence of pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased throughout the world, now ranging from 10 to 20% in developed countries. Pediatric patients with AD make up a substantial proportion of patients seen by general pediatricians, allergists, dermatologists, and other specialists. As such, there is a need to optimize understanding and management of AD. The traditional atopic comorbidities of AD have now expanded to include associations with nonatopic conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, with insights from basic, translational, and clinical research, experts have a more comprehensive knowledge of the genetic, immunological, and environmental factors influencing the development of AD. With this new perception, innovative approaches to the management of AD have developed with an emphasis on preventive rather than reactive care. The role of biological agents in the treatment of this common, yet chronic, disease of the skin has not been clearly elucidated. There have been several recent breakthroughs in the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of AD. Despite these advances, much work is still needed in order to ensure optimal care for AD sufferers.