Effects of biomechanical properties of the bone-implant interface on dental implant stability: from in silico approaches to the patient's mouth

Dental implants have become a routinely used technique in dentistry for replacing teeth. However, risks of failure are still experienced and remain difficult to anticipate. Multiscale phenomena occurring around the implant interface determine the implant outcome. The aim of this review is to provide an understanding of the biomechanical behavior of the interface between a dental implant and the region of bone adjacent to it (the bone-implant interface) as a function of the interface's environment. First, we describe the determinants of implant stability in relation to the different multiscale simulation approaches used to model the evolution of the bone-implant interface. Then, we review the various aspects of osseointegration in relation to implant stability. Next, we describe the different approaches used in the literature to measure implant stability in vitro and in vivo. Last, we review various factors affecting the evolution of the bone-implant interface properties.