An experimental and theoretical investigation on torrefaction of a large wet wood particle

[Display omitted] •A simple kinetic model proposed for primary and secondary torrefaction reactions.•Drying and 1D heat transfer model incorporated.•Torrefaction reaction identified as exothermic for Popler wood.•Optimum torrefaction temperature, particle size and residence time determined. A competitive kinetic scheme representing primary and secondary reactions is proposed for torrefaction of large wet wood particles. Drying and diffusive, convective and radiative mode of heat transfer is considered including particle shrinking during torrefaction. The model prediction compares well with the experimental results of both mass fraction residue and temperature profiles for biomass particles. The effect of temperature, residence time and particle size on torrefaction of cylindrical wood particles is investigated through model simulations. For large biomass particles heat transfer is identified as one of the controlling factor for torrefaction. The optimum torrefaction temperature, residence time and particle size are identified. The model may thus be integrated with CFD analysis to estimate the performance of an existing torrefier for a given feedstock. The performance analysis may also provide useful insight for design and development of an efficient torrefier.