Previous- and following-component contrast effects using a three-component multiple schedule

Behavioral contrast can be defined as an inverse relation between the rate of behavior in one component of a multiple schedule of reinforcement and the conditions of reinforcement in another component. In the present experiment, four pigeons pecked a key for mixed-grain reinforcers delivered by a th...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Behavioural processes 1998, Vol.42 (1), p.47-59
Hauptverfasser: Weatherly, J.N, Melville, C.L, Swindell, S, S. McMurry, A
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 59
container_issue 1
container_start_page 47
container_title Behavioural processes
container_volume 42
creator Weatherly, J.N
Melville, C.L
Swindell, S
S. McMurry, A
description Behavioral contrast can be defined as an inverse relation between the rate of behavior in one component of a multiple schedule of reinforcement and the conditions of reinforcement in another component. In the present experiment, four pigeons pecked a key for mixed-grain reinforcers delivered by a three-component multiple schedule. During baseline conditions, the same variable-interval schedule was in effect during each component. In contrast conditions, the rate of reinforcement in the second component was increased or decreased. Behavioral contrast was usually observed in both the first and third components. Across-component contrast effects were neither larger nor more reliable when the change in reinforcement occurred in the following component than when it occurred in the previous component. Furthermore, in both the first and third components, the size of contrast was almost always largest early in the component and decreased as the component progressed. Both across- and within-component data were analyzed using the model proposed by Williams and Wixted (1986). The results question the adequacy of the model. The results also pose difficulties for several existing theories of contrast.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00063-6
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1534096867</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0376635797000636</els_id><sourcerecordid>1534096867</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-2f38a61362186c14cdebbf4b66690fe1ae4f1ca610538c84bdc9cb4e775722273</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0MtO3DAUgGGrKirD0EdolQULWKT4ktjOCiHETUICCdhVspyT4-LKiad2QsXbk2GmtLuuLEuffeyfkC-MfmOUyeN7KpQspajVYaOOKKVSlPIDWTCteKkF1R_J4p3skr2cf86IaSo_kV1e6Uaxpl6Q73cJn32cclnYoStcDCH-9sOPEmK_igMOYwFxGJPNY4HOIYy5mPIMCluMTwnxH9hPYfSrgEWGJ-ymgPtkx9mQ8fN2XZLHi_OHs6vy5vby-uz0pgTR8LHkTmgrmZCcaQmsgg7b1lWtlLKhDpnFyjGYBa2FBl21HTTQVqhUrTjnSizJ4ebeVYq_Jsyj6X0GDMEOOH_NsFpUtJFarmm9oZBizgmdWSXf2_RiGDXrsOYtrFlXM40yb2Hn3ZJ83Y6Y2h6791N_Ss7gYAtsBhtcsgP4_NcxRrlezz_ZMJx7PHtMJoPHAbDzaY5ruuj_85JXfZWV6w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1534096867</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Previous- and following-component contrast effects using a three-component multiple schedule</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete</source><creator>Weatherly, J.N ; Melville, C.L ; Swindell, S ; S. McMurry, A</creator><creatorcontrib>Weatherly, J.N ; Melville, C.L ; Swindell, S ; S. McMurry, A</creatorcontrib><description>Behavioral contrast can be defined as an inverse relation between the rate of behavior in one component of a multiple schedule of reinforcement and the conditions of reinforcement in another component. In the present experiment, four pigeons pecked a key for mixed-grain reinforcers delivered by a three-component multiple schedule. During baseline conditions, the same variable-interval schedule was in effect during each component. In contrast conditions, the rate of reinforcement in the second component was increased or decreased. Behavioral contrast was usually observed in both the first and third components. Across-component contrast effects were neither larger nor more reliable when the change in reinforcement occurred in the following component than when it occurred in the previous component. Furthermore, in both the first and third components, the size of contrast was almost always largest early in the component and decreased as the component progressed. Both across- and within-component data were analyzed using the model proposed by Williams and Wixted (1986). The results question the adequacy of the model. The results also pose difficulties for several existing theories of contrast.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0376-6357</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-8308</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00063-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24897195</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BPRODA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Shannon: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animal ; Behavioral contrast ; Biological and medical sciences ; Conditioning ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Learning. Memory ; Multiple schedule ; Pigeon ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Reinforcement</subject><ispartof>Behavioural processes, 1998, Vol.42 (1), p.47-59</ispartof><rights>1998 Elsevier Science B.V.</rights><rights>1998 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-2f38a61362186c14cdebbf4b66690fe1ae4f1ca610538c84bdc9cb4e775722273</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-2f38a61362186c14cdebbf4b66690fe1ae4f1ca610538c84bdc9cb4e775722273</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635797000636$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,4010,27900,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=2110287$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24897195$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Weatherly, J.N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melville, C.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swindell, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>S. McMurry, A</creatorcontrib><title>Previous- and following-component contrast effects using a three-component multiple schedule</title><title>Behavioural processes</title><addtitle>Behav Processes</addtitle><description>Behavioral contrast can be defined as an inverse relation between the rate of behavior in one component of a multiple schedule of reinforcement and the conditions of reinforcement in another component. In the present experiment, four pigeons pecked a key for mixed-grain reinforcers delivered by a three-component multiple schedule. During baseline conditions, the same variable-interval schedule was in effect during each component. In contrast conditions, the rate of reinforcement in the second component was increased or decreased. Behavioral contrast was usually observed in both the first and third components. Across-component contrast effects were neither larger nor more reliable when the change in reinforcement occurred in the following component than when it occurred in the previous component. Furthermore, in both the first and third components, the size of contrast was almost always largest early in the component and decreased as the component progressed. Both across- and within-component data were analyzed using the model proposed by Williams and Wixted (1986). The results question the adequacy of the model. The results also pose difficulties for several existing theories of contrast.</description><subject>Animal</subject><subject>Behavioral contrast</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Conditioning</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Learning. Memory</subject><subject>Multiple schedule</subject><subject>Pigeon</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reinforcement</subject><issn>0376-6357</issn><issn>1872-8308</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqF0MtO3DAUgGGrKirD0EdolQULWKT4ktjOCiHETUICCdhVspyT4-LKiad2QsXbk2GmtLuuLEuffeyfkC-MfmOUyeN7KpQspajVYaOOKKVSlPIDWTCteKkF1R_J4p3skr2cf86IaSo_kV1e6Uaxpl6Q73cJn32cclnYoStcDCH-9sOPEmK_igMOYwFxGJPNY4HOIYy5mPIMCluMTwnxH9hPYfSrgEWGJ-ymgPtkx9mQ8fN2XZLHi_OHs6vy5vby-uz0pgTR8LHkTmgrmZCcaQmsgg7b1lWtlLKhDpnFyjGYBa2FBl21HTTQVqhUrTjnSizJ4ebeVYq_Jsyj6X0GDMEOOH_NsFpUtJFarmm9oZBizgmdWSXf2_RiGDXrsOYtrFlXM40yb2Hn3ZJ83Y6Y2h6791N_Ss7gYAtsBhtcsgP4_NcxRrlezz_ZMJx7PHtMJoPHAbDzaY5ruuj_85JXfZWV6w</recordid><startdate>1998</startdate><enddate>1998</enddate><creator>Weatherly, J.N</creator><creator>Melville, C.L</creator><creator>Swindell, S</creator><creator>S. McMurry, A</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>1998</creationdate><title>Previous- and following-component contrast effects using a three-component multiple schedule</title><author>Weatherly, J.N ; Melville, C.L ; Swindell, S ; S. McMurry, A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-2f38a61362186c14cdebbf4b66690fe1ae4f1ca610538c84bdc9cb4e775722273</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Animal</topic><topic>Behavioral contrast</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Conditioning</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Learning. Memory</topic><topic>Multiple schedule</topic><topic>Pigeon</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reinforcement</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Weatherly, J.N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melville, C.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swindell, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>S. McMurry, A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Behavioural processes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Weatherly, J.N</au><au>Melville, C.L</au><au>Swindell, S</au><au>S. McMurry, A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Previous- and following-component contrast effects using a three-component multiple schedule</atitle><jtitle>Behavioural processes</jtitle><addtitle>Behav Processes</addtitle><date>1998</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>47</spage><epage>59</epage><pages>47-59</pages><issn>0376-6357</issn><eissn>1872-8308</eissn><coden>BPRODA</coden><abstract>Behavioral contrast can be defined as an inverse relation between the rate of behavior in one component of a multiple schedule of reinforcement and the conditions of reinforcement in another component. In the present experiment, four pigeons pecked a key for mixed-grain reinforcers delivered by a three-component multiple schedule. During baseline conditions, the same variable-interval schedule was in effect during each component. In contrast conditions, the rate of reinforcement in the second component was increased or decreased. Behavioral contrast was usually observed in both the first and third components. Across-component contrast effects were neither larger nor more reliable when the change in reinforcement occurred in the following component than when it occurred in the previous component. Furthermore, in both the first and third components, the size of contrast was almost always largest early in the component and decreased as the component progressed. Both across- and within-component data were analyzed using the model proposed by Williams and Wixted (1986). The results question the adequacy of the model. The results also pose difficulties for several existing theories of contrast.</abstract><cop>Shannon</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>24897195</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00063-6</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0376-6357
ispartof Behavioural processes, 1998, Vol.42 (1), p.47-59
issn 0376-6357
1872-8308
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1534096867
source Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete
subjects Animal
Behavioral contrast
Biological and medical sciences
Conditioning
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Learning. Memory
Multiple schedule
Pigeon
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Reinforcement
title Previous- and following-component contrast effects using a three-component multiple schedule
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-18T09%3A20%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Previous-%20and%20following-component%20contrast%20effects%20using%20a%20three-component%20multiple%20schedule&rft.jtitle=Behavioural%20processes&rft.au=Weatherly,%20J.N&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.epage=59&rft.pages=47-59&rft.issn=0376-6357&rft.eissn=1872-8308&rft.coden=BPRODA&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00063-6&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1534096867%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1534096867&rft_id=info:pmid/24897195&rft_els_id=S0376635797000636&rfr_iscdi=true