Can single pulse electrical stimulation provoke responses similar to spontaneous interictal epileptiform discharges?

Highlights • Patients have several spontaneous interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) patterns and the areas showing IEDs are more widespread and multifocal than the area of seizure onset zone. • Delayed responses to single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) are always similar to at least one IED pattern in the same patient and occur at or in the vicinity of the seizure onset zone. • IEDs and SPES responses may share similar physiological mechanisms and the IEDs resembling delayed responses to SPES may be those IEDs associated with seizure onset.