Characterization of the pyrophosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

•Xanthomonas campestris PPi-dependent PFK was purified and characterized.•The reversible reaction of F6P+PPi==FBP+Pi was demonstrated.•Michaelis constants were found to be in the low mM range.•PPi-dependent PFK can function in Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.•Genome data indicate presence of PPi-dependent PFK in xanthomonads. Xanthomonads are plant pathogenic proteobacteria that produce the polysaccharide xanthan. They are assumed to catabolize glucose mainly via the Entner–Doudoroff pathway. Whereas previous studies have demonstrated no phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity in xanthomonads, detailed genome analysis revealed in Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (Xcc) genes for all Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway (glycolysis) enzymes, including a conserved pfkA gene similar to 6-phosphofructokinase genes. To address this discrepancy between genetic and physiological properties, the pfkA gene of Xcc strain B100 was cloned into the expression vector pET28a+. The 45-kDa pfkA gene product exhibited no conventional PFK activity. Bioinformatic analysis of the Xcc PfkA amino acid sequence suggested utilization of pyrophosphate as an alternative cosubstrate. Pyrophosphate-dependent PFK activity was shown in an in vitro enzyme assay for purified Xcc PfkA, as well as in the Xcc B100 crude protein extract. Kinetic constants were determined for the forward and reverse reactions. Primary structure conservation indicates the global presence of similar enzymes among Xanthomonadaceae.