DNA divergence as a criterion of a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) selection for heterosis

The identification of perspective parental lines for the creation of high-yield hybrids is the most labor-consuming stage of selection, because it needs extensive trials of combining ability. Based on evaluation of the genetic divergence of the parental lines, the prediction accuracy of F 1 hybrids performance was investigated. The value of the divergence was calculated using biometric and molecular methods, such as inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Based on estimates of divergence, 10 lines were chosen for cyclic cross (scheme I) and testcross (scheme II). In most crosses, the F 1 hybrids were significantly superior to the parents in the main economically valuable traits. The level of heterosis was higher among hybrids of scheme I. Analysis of the relationship between parental divergence and F 1 performance showed that the hybrid productivity of scheme I was predetermined by ISSR divergence in 86%, and productivity was caused by RAPD divergence in 69%, whereas the F 1 yield of scheme II was not related to the value of genetic distances. Since the values of DNA divergence were closely associated both with midparent level and F 1 performance, we assumed that part of the polymorphic DNA fragments of the parental lines of scheme I is related to heterotic loci (HTL), which may be considered potential key markers for the heterotic selection of the sweet pepper.