Efficacy of TiF4 and NaF varnish and solution: a randomized in situ study on enamel erosive–abrasive wear

Objectives This in situ/ex vivo study analysed the anti-erosive/abrasive effect of TiF 4 and NaF varnish and solution on enamel wear. Materials and methods Twelve subjects took part in this study which was performed in three periods (phases) with the duration of 5 days each. Each two human enamel specimens per subject were pretreated with experimental NaF varnish or solution (phase A), experimental-TiF 4 varnish or solution (phase B) and placebo varnish or untreated control (phase C). The specimens were worn in palatal appliances; one enamel specimen, from each treatment, was subjected to erosion (ERO; cola soft drink, 4 × 90 s/day), and the other specimen was subjected to erosion plus abrasion (ERO + ABR; tooth brushing, 2 × 10 s/day). The tooth wear was quantified by a contact profilometer (micrometre) and analysed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni’s test ( n = 12 subjects, p