The benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in coronary heart disease: a gender issue?

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in women worldwide and several studies have shown that they are under-represented in cardiac rehabilitation therapy. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of women in a cardiac rehabilitation program and to assess their response to this intervention. This is a retrospective study of 858 patients who attended an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program after an acute coronary syndrome or elective percutaneous coronary intervention, between January 2008 and December 2012. The patients were analyzed by gender, and the impact of the intervention on cardiovascular risk factors and NT-proBNP was studied. In a subgroup of 386 patients the impact on functional capacity, resting heart rate, chronotropic index and heart rate recovery was also analyzed. Only 24% of the 858 patients who attended the program were women. Women showed statistically significant improvements in all cardiovascular risk factors, NT-proBNP, functional capacity and heart rate recovery (p