Clinical analysis of nosocomial infection and risk factors of extremely premature infants

To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infections of extremely premature infants and to explore the risk factors and strategies for infection control. There were 118 extremely premature infants who were confirmed to have nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care unit of the authors' hospital from January 2008 to December 2012. Their data of the infection rate, risk factors and clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. During the study, nosocomial infection occurred in 78 extremely premature infants 129 times. The nosocomial infection rate was 66.10%. The rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was 1.43% (35/2 452). The catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) rate was 0.35% (16/4 613). There were 74 (57.36%) cases of pneumonia, which was the most common nosocomial infection of extremely premature infants. There were 35 cases of VAP, which accounted for 47.30% of pneumonia. The next was sepsis, 48 cases. Seventy-four (74/90, 82.22%) strains of isolates were Gram-negative ba