Forewing movements and motor activity during roll manoeuvers in flying desert locusts

Desert locusts, tethered on a roll torque meter and flying in a wind tunnel are surrounded by an artificial horizon. Flight motor activity and movement of forewings are monitored continuously. Movements of the artificial horizon elicit roll manoeuvers of the animal with latencies of several seconds; concomitant changes in flight motor pattern and wing movement can be correlated with the animal's roll angle and roll torque.