Binary Solvents Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (BS-DLLME) Method for Determination of Tramadol in Urine Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Tramadol is an opioid, synthetic analog of codeine and has been used for the treatment of acute or chronic pain may be abused. In this work, a developed Dispersive liquid liquid microextraction as binary solvents-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detectionwas employed for determination of tramadol in the urine samples. Various factors on the efficiency of the proposed procedure were investigated and optimized. The detection limit and quantification limit were found 0.2 and 0.9 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the extraction of 30 μg L of tramadol was found 4.1%. The relative recoveries of tramadol from urine samples at spiking levels of 10, 30 and 60 μg/L were in the range of 95.6-99.6%. Compared with other methods, this method provides good figures of merit such as good repeatability, high extraction efficiency, short analysis time, simple procedure and can be used as microextraction technique for routine analysis in clinical laboratories.