Central venous oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide gap as resuscitation targets in a hemorrhagic shock

Background Fluid resuscitation is still a major challenge. We aimed to describe changes in central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and venous‐to‐arterial carbon dioxide gap (dCO2) during an experimental stroke volume (SV) index (SVI)‐guided hemorrhage and fluid resuscitation model in pigs. Methods Twelve anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs were bled till baseline SVI (Tbsl) dropped by 50% (T0), thereafter fluid resuscitation was performed with balanced crystalloid in four steps until initial SVI was reached (T4). Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 18.0; data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results After bleeding, ScvO2 dropped (Tbsl = 78 ± 7 vs. T0 = 61 ± 5% P