Model-based investigation of electric vehicle battery aging by means of vehicle-to-grid scenario simulations

Main objective of this work is the model-based investigation of the impact of different load scenarios on the estimated useful life of a traction battery. An energy-based battery model is used for simulation of the available energy of the battery. Reduction of the energy storage capability of the battery is considered by an aging model. The aging model consists of a calendar and a cycle aging model. All models are implemented for simulation of present and future lithium-ion technologies. Hence, the range of battery characteristics and the aging behavior can be varied. In 2020 electric vehicles presumably will have reached a significant number and feed-back of electrical power from the vehicle to the power grid can be expected as an implemented ancillary service. Hence the battery's load scenarios comprise different combinations of driving cycles, charging strategies, and peak-shaving. Therefore the impact of these scenarios on battery aging can be identified by means of the model-based investigation of the battery lifetime. The presented battery model considers aging effects and is a useful tool for the design of an electric vehicle, for the dimensioning of a battery system depending on climate and user behavior, as well as for cost calculations. ► Model-based investigation of the electric vehicle battery aging. ► Load scenarios depend on driving cycles, charging strategies, and peak-shaving. ► Battery life could be prolonged by time-controlled or demand-driven recharging. ► Simulated life of the modeled battery could endure a usual life of a passenger car.