AN OUTBREAK OF TYPE E BOTULISM AMONG COMMON LOONS (GAVIA IMMER) IN MICHIGAN'S UPPER PENINSULA

An epizootic of type E botulism (Clostridium botulinum) occurred among common loons (Gavia immer) along the Lake Michigan shore of Michigan's Upper Peninsula (USA) during October and November 1983. An estimated 592 dead loons washed ashore along the Garden Peninsula. Type E botulinal toxin was...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of wildlife diseases 1988-07, Vol.24 (3), p.471-476
Hauptverfasser:	Brand, Christopher J., Schmitt, Stephen M., Duncan, Ruth M., Cooley, Thomas M.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Animals Astacoidea - analysis avian botulism Bird Diseases - blood Bird Diseases - etiology Bird Diseases - mortality Birds Botulinum Toxins - analysis Botulinum Toxins - blood Botulism - blood Botulism - mortality Botulism - veterinary Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum type E common loon Disease Outbreaks - veterinary epizootic Female field study Fishes Freshwater Gavia immer Liver - analysis Male Mercury - analysis Metals - analysis Mice Michigan type E botulism
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	An epizootic of type E botulism (Clostridium botulinum) occurred among common loons (Gavia immer) along the Lake Michigan shore of Michigan's Upper Peninsula (USA) during October and November 1983. An estimated 592 dead loons washed ashore along the Garden Peninsula. Type E botulinal toxin was demonstrated in blood samples and stomach contents of dead loons, and in samples of three species of dead fish found on the Lake Michigan shore. We suspect that loons acquired botulism by ingesting sick or dead fish containing type E toxin.
ISSN:	0090-3558 1943-3700
DOI:	10.7589/0090-3558-24.3.471