Evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis activities of chemical constituents of the fruits of Prunus mume

•Three new compounds and twenty known compounds were isolated and identified from the fruits of Prunus mume.•Antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis activities of these 23 isolates were evaluated, and potent activities were found.•We report the anti-osteoporosis activity of compounds from Prunus mume for the first time.•Both the pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and pre-osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells were used in the anti-osteoporosis experiments.•Correlations between the antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis activities were discussed. The present study investigated the antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis activities of phytochemicals in the fruits of Prunus mume. From the methanol extract, three new acylated sucroses, mumeoses P–R (1–3), were isolated together with 20 known compounds (4–23). Compounds 1–3 showed potent peroxyl radical-scavenging activities and 12–19 showed both potent peroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing activities. The anti-osteoporosis activity was evaluated using murine pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and pre-osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 2 and 3 (cis–trans isomers), 5, 7, 8, and 10 significantly stimulated the differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to increase collagen synthesis or mineralization functions of osteoblasts, while compounds 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14–16, 18, 20, and 22 significantly suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicated that the fruits of P. mume are an excellent source of antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis phytochemicals.