Successful treatment with chemotherapy and corticosteroids of pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection accompanied by pleural effusion

Abstract We describe a 50-year-old woman with rapidly progressive pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus ( M. abscessus ) infection accompanied by pleural effusion and organizing pneumonia (OP). CT scan showed consolidation, centrilobular shadows, ground-glass opacity (GGO), and cavities. A transbronchial lung biopsy showed nonnecrotizing granuloma surrounded by infiltrative lymphocyte-dominant inflammatory cells, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were increased. We considered OP occurred secondary to M. abscessus infection because clarithromycin, amikacin, and imipenem/cilastatin administration resulted in partial improvement. We added corticosteroids to the regimen, which resulted in a remarkable improvement. We report a case of pulmonary M. abscessus infection involving pleural effusion that responded favorably to medical therapy including corticosteroids.