Comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention for previously treated versus de novo culprit lesions in acute myocardial infarction patients: insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry

Background Little is known about percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes among patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) with a history of prior PCI. Outcomes may differ depending on whether PCI is performed on a previously treated or de novo culprit lesion. Methods We examined ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI patients who underwent PCI in the CathPCI Registry from 2009 to 2012. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare adjusted in-hospital mortality between groups. Results Among 675,587 MI patients, 147,841 (22%) had a history of prior PCI; these patients were older and more frequently had co-morbid conditions yet had lower adjusted mortality compared with patients undergoing their first intervention (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.70-0.76). Among patients with prior PCI, 50,744 (34%) received intervention to a culprit lesion in a previously treated segment. Compared with patients with de novo culprit lesions, those with previously treated culprits were more likely to present with STEMI, but had lower mortality risk (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.95) regardless of STEMI or non-STEMI presentation. Among previously treated patients, in-hospital mortality was not significantly different between those with prior drug-eluting versus bare metal stent-treated culprit lesions (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.81-1.12). Conclusion Despite greater co-morbidity burden, MI patients with prior PCI had lower mortality compared with patients undergoing their first intervention. Among patients with prior PCI, patients undergoing PCI to a previously treated culprit lesion were associated with lower mortality than those being intervened for a de novo culprit. A better understanding of these differences will help improve procedural strategies and outcomes of patients undergoing PCI of a previously treated lesion.