Design and Analysis of an Implantable CPW-Fed X-Monopole Antenna for 2.45-GHz ISM Band Applications

A novel antenna design that effectively covers the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.45 GHz using an X-shaped structure with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed is described. The antenna has a compact size of 67.6 mm 3 . The proposed design is effective for ISM band biotelemetry with a wakeup controller (2.45 GHz). An experimental prototype of the compact implantable CPW-fed X-shaped monopole antenna was fabricated on a biocompatible alumina Al 2 O 3 ceramic substrate. The optimal antenna was fabricated and tested in minced tissue from the front leg of a pig and on a human body phantom liquid. The simulated and measured bandwidths are 180 MHz and 210 MHz in the ISM band, respectively.