Relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease

The purpose of this study is to assess periodontal status in type 2 diabetes (T2D) to compare the findings between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI). Associations between glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed among T2D patients in comparison with controls. A total of 135 patients with T2DM (F64/ M71) and 40 healthy controls (CG) (F21/M19) individuals were assessed. Study participants with T2D were classified into 2 groups according to their level of HbA1c: good metabolic control group (GMC) had HbA1c below 7.0% and poor metabolic control group (PMC) had HbA1c above 7.0%. The prevalence of periodontitis in all patients with T2D was 83.5%, 82.7% in GMC group, and 86.4% in PMC group as compared to CG 57.7%. The number of sextants with CPI codes of 3 was higher in PMC T2D as compared to controls. Negative correlation between OHI and IL-1 concentrations and number of sextants with CPI1 was found.