Using cool pavements as a mitigation strategy to fight urban heat island—A review of the actual developments

Heat island phenomenon rises the temperature of cities, increases the energy demand for cooling and deteriorates comfort conditions in the urban environment. To counterbalance the impact of the phenomenon, important mitigation techniques have been proposed and developed. Pavements present a very high fraction of the urban areas and contribute highly to the development of heat island in cities. The use of cool pavements presenting substantially lower surface temperature and reduced sensible heat flux to the atmosphere, appears to be one of the most important proposed mitigation solutions. The present paper investigates and describes the actual state of the art on the field of cool pavements. The main thermal and optical parameters defining the thermal performance of pavements are analyzed. Almost all of the developed technologies, where data and results are available, are considered while emphasis is given on the presentation of reflective and permeable/water retentive pavements. The main technological achievements on both fields are reviewed while existing applications are described and performance data are given when available. The existing results clearly show that the mitigation and cooling potential of cool pavements is very significant and can highly contribute to decrease temperature on the urban environment.