The Birth of the Passive Preposition "Rang [transliteration unavailable]"

The evolution of the causative -- passive "Rang [transliteration unavailable]" began at the end of the 18th century. As a passive preposition, "Rang" had been commonly used in the northern dialect by the early 20th century. Compared to another causative verb "Jiao [transliteration unavailable]", though their change conditions are roughly the same, "Rang" has its own characteristics. The main condition of the "causative -- passive" evolution of "Jiao" is the meaning of "unexpected" of V2 in the "Rang+N+V2" construction, while the condition of the causative-change of "Rang" is the sentence meaning of "unexpected". Adapted from the source document