Experimental Transmission of Sarcocystis muris (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Sporocysts from a Naturally Infected Cat (Felis catus) to Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice

Cats serve as definitive hosts for zoonotic Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan that threatens human reproductive health, but they also excrete sporocysts of related protozoan that pose no known human health risk. Here we provide the first definitive evidence for natural infection with the enzootic paras...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Journal of parasitology 2013-12, Vol.99 (6), p.997-1001
Hauptverfasser: Al-Kappany, Y. M, Abu-Elwafa, S. A, Hilali, M, Rosenthal, B. M, Dunams, D. B, Dubey, J. P
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container_issue 6
container_start_page 997
container_title The Journal of parasitology
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creator Al-Kappany, Y. M
Abu-Elwafa, S. A
Hilali, M
Rosenthal, B. M
Dunams, D. B
Dubey, J. P
description Cats serve as definitive hosts for zoonotic Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan that threatens human reproductive health, but they also excrete sporocysts of related protozoan that pose no known human health risk. Here we provide the first definitive evidence for natural infection with the enzootic parasite Sarcocystis muris, one such enzootic parasite. Sporulated Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts were found in rectal contents of an adult feral cat (Felis catus) in Giza, Egypt. After these sporocysts were orally inoculated into 2 Swiss Webster mice, sarcocysts were found to have developed in skeletal muscles 114 days later. As observed through transmission electron microscopy, the cyst wall corresponded to Type 1, and the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane had tiny outpocketing of blebs (
doi_str_mv 10.1645/13-274.1
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M ; Abu-Elwafa, S. A ; Hilali, M ; Rosenthal, B. M ; Dunams, D. B ; Dubey, J. P</creator><creatorcontrib>Al-Kappany, Y. M ; Abu-Elwafa, S. A ; Hilali, M ; Rosenthal, B. M ; Dunams, D. B ; Dubey, J. P</creatorcontrib><description>Cats serve as definitive hosts for zoonotic Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan that threatens human reproductive health, but they also excrete sporocysts of related protozoan that pose no known human health risk. Here we provide the first definitive evidence for natural infection with the enzootic parasite Sarcocystis muris, one such enzootic parasite. Sporulated Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts were found in rectal contents of an adult feral cat (Felis catus) in Giza, Egypt. After these sporocysts were orally inoculated into 2 Swiss Webster mice, sarcocysts were found to have developed in skeletal muscles 114 days later. As observed through transmission electron microscopy, the cyst wall corresponded to Type 1, and the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane had tiny outpocketing of blebs (&lt;200 nm thick) that were not invaginated into the interior of the cyst; these structures were identical to the sarcocyst wall described for a Costa Rican isolate of S. muris that has served as an experimental model for nearly 4 decades. Two parasite-free cats fed sarcocyst-infected muscles developed patent infections; fully sporulated sporocysts (10–11 × 7.0 μm) were found in the lamina propria of small intestines of cats killed 6 and 7 days postinoculation (PI). Interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice were orally inoculated with sporocysts from experimentally infected cats, and their tissues were examined histologically; sarcocysts were found in 5 KO mice killed 87, 115, 196, 196, 196 days PI, but no stages were seen in 5 KO mice 10, 14, 14, 18, and 39 days PI. Bradyzoites were released from intramuscular sarcocysts of a KO mouse killed 115 days PI and orally inoculated into 5 KO mice. No stage of Sarcocystis was found in any organ (including intestinal lamina propria) of KO mice killed 4, 8, 81, 190, and 190 days PI, confirming that the definitive host is required to complete the life cycle even in the case of immunodeficient mice. 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M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abu-Elwafa, S. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilali, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosenthal, B. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunams, D. B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubey, J. P</creatorcontrib><title>Experimental Transmission of Sarcocystis muris (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Sporocysts from a Naturally Infected Cat (Felis catus) to Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice</title><title>The Journal of parasitology</title><addtitle>J Parasitol</addtitle><description>Cats serve as definitive hosts for zoonotic Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan that threatens human reproductive health, but they also excrete sporocysts of related protozoan that pose no known human health risk. Here we provide the first definitive evidence for natural infection with the enzootic parasite Sarcocystis muris, one such enzootic parasite. Sporulated Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts were found in rectal contents of an adult feral cat (Felis catus) in Giza, Egypt. After these sporocysts were orally inoculated into 2 Swiss Webster mice, sarcocysts were found to have developed in skeletal muscles 114 days later. As observed through transmission electron microscopy, the cyst wall corresponded to Type 1, and the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane had tiny outpocketing of blebs (&lt;200 nm thick) that were not invaginated into the interior of the cyst; these structures were identical to the sarcocyst wall described for a Costa Rican isolate of S. muris that has served as an experimental model for nearly 4 decades. Two parasite-free cats fed sarcocyst-infected muscles developed patent infections; fully sporulated sporocysts (10–11 × 7.0 μm) were found in the lamina propria of small intestines of cats killed 6 and 7 days postinoculation (PI). Interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice were orally inoculated with sporocysts from experimentally infected cats, and their tissues were examined histologically; sarcocysts were found in 5 KO mice killed 87, 115, 196, 196, 196 days PI, but no stages were seen in 5 KO mice 10, 14, 14, 18, and 39 days PI. Bradyzoites were released from intramuscular sarcocysts of a KO mouse killed 115 days PI and orally inoculated into 5 KO mice. No stage of Sarcocystis was found in any organ (including intestinal lamina propria) of KO mice killed 4, 8, 81, 190, and 190 days PI, confirming that the definitive host is required to complete the life cycle even in the case of immunodeficient mice. 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M ; Abu-Elwafa, S. A ; Hilali, M ; Rosenthal, B. M ; Dunams, D. B ; Dubey, J. 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Sporulated Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts were found in rectal contents of an adult feral cat (Felis catus) in Giza, Egypt. After these sporocysts were orally inoculated into 2 Swiss Webster mice, sarcocysts were found to have developed in skeletal muscles 114 days later. As observed through transmission electron microscopy, the cyst wall corresponded to Type 1, and the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane had tiny outpocketing of blebs (&lt;200 nm thick) that were not invaginated into the interior of the cyst; these structures were identical to the sarcocyst wall described for a Costa Rican isolate of S. muris that has served as an experimental model for nearly 4 decades. Two parasite-free cats fed sarcocyst-infected muscles developed patent infections; fully sporulated sporocysts (10–11 × 7.0 μm) were found in the lamina propria of small intestines of cats killed 6 and 7 days postinoculation (PI). Interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice were orally inoculated with sporocysts from experimentally infected cats, and their tissues were examined histologically; sarcocysts were found in 5 KO mice killed 87, 115, 196, 196, 196 days PI, but no stages were seen in 5 KO mice 10, 14, 14, 18, and 39 days PI. Bradyzoites were released from intramuscular sarcocysts of a KO mouse killed 115 days PI and orally inoculated into 5 KO mice. No stage of Sarcocystis was found in any organ (including intestinal lamina propria) of KO mice killed 4, 8, 81, 190, and 190 days PI, confirming that the definitive host is required to complete the life cycle even in the case of immunodeficient mice. This is the first confirmation of S. muris infection in a naturally infected cat anywhere.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society of Parasitologists</pub><pmid>23758571</pmid><doi>10.1645/13-274.1</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0022-3395
ispartof The Journal of parasitology, 2013-12, Vol.99 (6), p.997-1001
issn 0022-3395
1937-2345
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1492640147
source Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE
subjects adults
Animals
Apicomplexa
Bioassays
Bradyzoites
Cat Diseases - immunology
Cat Diseases - transmission
Cats
Cysts
DNA, Protozoan - chemistry
Epidemiology
Feces
Feces - parasitology
Felis catus
Female
feral animals
gene targeting
Health risk assessment
Health risks
hosts
human health
human reproduction
Immunocompetence
Immunocompromised Host
Infections
interferon-gamma
Interferon-gamma - genetics
intestines
Investigations
LIFE CYCLES-SURVEY
mathematical models
Memory interference
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission - veterinary
Muscles
Muscles - parasitology
Muscles - ultrastructure
Oocysts - classification
Oocysts - immunology
Oocysts - physiology
Parasite hosts
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Parasitology
Protozoa
Reproductive health
risk
Sarcocystidae
Sarcocystis
Sarcocystis - classification
Sarcocystis - genetics
Sarcocystis - immunology
Sarcocystis - physiology
Sarcocystis muris
Sarcocystosis - immunology
Sarcocystosis - transmission
Sarcocystosis - veterinary
Sarcocysts
skeletal muscle
Toxoplasma gondii
transmission electron microscopy
title Experimental Transmission of Sarcocystis muris (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Sporocysts from a Naturally Infected Cat (Felis catus) to Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice
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