Studies on the Life Cycle of the Box-Tree Pyralid, Glyphodes perspectalis (WALKER) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): I. Seasonal Adult Emergence and Developmental Velocity

The adult emergence of the box-tree pyralid, Glyphodes perspectalis collected from four localities in Japan showed the geographical cline for overwintered generation. The Tokyo-Chiba population had three generations per year, and the adults appeared from mid-May to late June, from late July to late August and from late August to mid-September. The theoretical developmental zero and the total effective temperature for development in the summer generations (second and third broods) were 11.6°C and 55.0 day-degrees for the egg period, 10.1°C and 365.0 day-degree for the larval period, 12.0°C and 128.9 day-degrees for the pupal period and 8.1°C and 38.5 day-degrees for the preoviposition period, respectively. Thus G. perspectalis required about 610 to 620 day-degrees above 10.5°C to complete a summer generation. In the overwintered generation (the first brood), on the other hand, these values were 10.1°C and 238.1 day-degrees for the larval period and 10.9°C and 142.0 day-degrees for the pupal period, requiring about 350 day-degrees above 11.0°C for the first adult emergence.