Endogenous Inhibitor for Calcium-Dependent Cysteine Protease Contains Four Internal Repeats that Could Be Responsible for Its Multiple Reactive Sites

A cDNA encoding an endogenous inhibitor, termed calpastatin, for calcium-dependent cysteine protease (calpain, EC 3.4.22.17) was cloned by screening rabbit cDNA libraries with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probe based on the partial amino acid sequence of the purified protein. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 718 amino acid residues (Mr, 76,964), and the mature protein corresponds to the deduced sequence from the 80th residue of the primary translation product (resultant Mr, 68,113). This deduced molecular weight is significantly lower than that determined by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting the possibility that the inhibitor is post-translationally modified. The sequence of the mature inhibitor contains four consecutive internal repeats ≈ 140 amino acid residues long, each of which might be responsible for the inhibitory activity. Calpastatin is apparently different from a typical cysteine protease inhibitor (cystain), suggesting that the mechanism of inhibition of calcium-dependent cysteine protease by the inhibitor might be different from that of other cysteine proteases by cystatin.