Vertical distribution of epiphytic lichens on three tree species in Yellowstone National Park

Twelve species of lichens were recorded as epiphytes on the trunks of Pinus contorta Dougl., P. albicaulis Englm. and Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. in the lodgepole pine zone of Yellowstone National Park. All 12 species were on A. lasiocarpa; nine were on P. albicaulis, and five were on P. contorta. The most frequent lichen species were Lecanora piniperda Korb., Parmelia exasperatula Nyl., and Bryoria lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & Hawksw. Lichens were most frequent more than two meters above the ground.