Clustering of bio-products technologies for zero emissions and eco-efficiency

To provide a complete wood and non-wood plant biomass refinery into value-added chemicals, materials and biofuels, an integrated processing scheme has been proposed. It allows producing variety of products such as furfural, acetic acid, glucose, bioethanol, levoglucosan, microcrystalline cellulose, fiber materials, plastics, carbon materials, charcoal, activated carbon, and others. A part of the lignocelluloses bulk, producer gas and the unused part of lignin are burned in a boiler house to provide biomass processing with energy, i.e. heat carrier and steam. The first stage will cover the analysis and assessment of material and energy balance of the cluster. The results of these calculations and experimental data of the material and energy flow of particular processes will enable to choose the proper version for arrangement of the processing lines in the cluster. The global applying of zero emissions approach is also demonstrated. The benefits and the problems of realization of an integrated cluster are discussed. The oriented graph idea is used as the first attempt to optimize the clustering.