HDAC11 is a novel drug target in carcinomas

Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity as stand‐alone or combination therapy represents a promising therapeutic approach in oncology. The pan‐ or class I HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) currently approved or in clinical studies for oncology give rise to dose‐limiting toxicities, presumably because of the inhibition of several HDACs. This could potentially be overcome by selective blockade of single HDAC family members. Here we report that HDAC11, the most recently identified zinc‐dependent HDAC, is overexpressed in several carcinomas as compared to corresponding healthy tissues. HDAC11 depletion is sufficient to cause cell death and to inhibit metabolic activity in HCT‐116 colon, PC‐3 prostate, MCF‐7 breast and SK‐OV‐3 ovarian cancer cell lines. The antitumoral effect induced can be mimicked by enforced expression of a catalytically impaired HDAC11 variant, suggesting that inhibition of the enzymatic activity of HDAC11 by small molecules could trigger the desired phenotypic changes. HDAC11 depletion in normal cells causes no changes in metabolic activity and viability, strongly suggesting that tumor‐selective effects can be achieved. Altogether, our data show that HDAC11 plays a critical role in cancer cell survival and may represent a novel drug target in oncology. What's new? Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes influence the regulation of numerous cellular processes, and their inhibition by small molecules has been shown to provide benefits against multiple cancer types. Here, HDAC11, a recently identified member of the HDAC family, was found to play an important role in the control of proliferation and survival pathways in several carcinoma cell lines. The high incidence of the tumors represented suggests that HDAC11 could be a valuable drug target in oncology.