On the Nature of Interactions between Ionic Liquids and Small Amino-Acid-Based Biomolecules

During the last decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have revealed promising properties and applications in many research fields, including biotechnology and biological sciences. The focus of this contribution is to give a critical review of the phenomena observed and current knowledge of the interactions occurring on a molecular basis. As opposed to the huge advances made in understanding the properties of proteins in ILs, complementary investigations dealing with interactions between ILs and peptides or oligopeptides are underrepresented and are mostly only of phenomenological nature. However, the field has received more attention in the last few years. This Review features a meta‐analysis of the available data and findings and should, therefore, provide a basis for a scientifically profound understanding of the nature and mechanisms of interactions between ILs and structured or nonstructured peptides. Fundamental aspects of the interactions between different peptides/oligopeptides and ILs are complemented by sections on the experimental (spectroscopy, structural biology) and theoretical (computational chemistry) possibilities to explain the phenomena reported so far in the literature. In effect, this should lead to the development of novel applications and support the understanding of IL–solute interactions in general. Ionic liquid interactions: This Review gives a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular basis and fundamental aspects of the interactions between amino acid‐based molecules and ionic liquids, with focus on peptides and miniproteins. Technical (spectroscopy, structural biology) and theoretical (computational chemistry) prerequisites to explain the phenomena reported so far are critically assessed.