Manganese intakes in intravenously fed infants: Dosages and toxicity studies

Manganese is recommended for inclusion in total parental nutrition (TPN) regimens, although Mn deficiency has never been documented in humans, and toxicity is well described. To determine the intravenous (iv) Mn intakes required to build up body stores in the preterm infant and achieve positive retention in full-term infants and to identify and quantify the biochemical changes that may predate frank Mn toxicity, short-term balance studies were completed in 24 preterm and full-term infants. Preterm infants receiving intakes of Mn at 9 mu g/kg/d achieve in utero retention rates. Biochemical evidence of Mn toxicity was not apparent, even at the highest doses provided.