Being a Person in Psychoanalytic Culture

The author argues that schools of care are really cultures whose practices and teachings are only minimally based in science. Although the early link of mental-health care to medicine was historically fortuitous, bestowing a debatable authority on the field, these schools' consuming preoccupation with scientific legitimacy has severely limited mental-health care professionals' own ability to understand and think wisely about these schools of care. Students of these schools become "enculturated" into the ideology of a particular school, its notions of what is normal and what is ill, of how life works, and of what patients need to do to become well. The listening tradition of psychoanalysts is admirable, but its discounting of external factors, like an individual's upbringing, race, or even friendships, constitutes a major flaw.