Summary of component techniques in 'Isoyake' recovery technology

Using the database (number of literature 1,000, 1970 to 2005) on barren ground reported from Japanese coasts, component techniques in 'isoyake' recovery technology were summarized as a systematic tree to seaweed review restoration technologies were reviewed. The component techniques are termed as 'module' of individual techniques. The systematic trees are composed of two main branches, 'control of intensive grazing by herbivores' and 'stock enhancement of seaweeds'. The former main branch was divided into two branches, 'sea urchins' and 'herbivorous fishes', which are comprised of nine and six component techniques, respectively. In each of these branches; the techniques are categorized into three groups, 'removal', 'dispersal' and 'exclusion'. The latter main branch is composed of thirteen techniques categorized into five groups, 'transplantation', 'illumination', 'fertilization', 'employment of substratum' and 'removal of sedimentation'. In order to recover the seaweed community on intensively grazed areas, the techniques in the first main branch should not be preceded by those in the latter branch.