Characterization of Sympatric or Adjacent Habitats of 2 Deer Species in West Texas

Fourteen vegetative parameters and a Land Surface Ruggedness Index (LSRI) were quantified on 306,000 ha of rangeland in western Texas and eastern New Mexico that differentially supported high and low densities of desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus texanus). Percent woody cover was the only parameter measured that was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the habitats of the 2 species. On the high density mule deer and white-tailed deer habitats woody cover averaged 43 and 63%, respectively. Desert mule deer numbers tended to decrease as percent woody cover increased; this species recently disappeared from 2 areas where woody cover was >75%. Increases in white-tailed deer densities were positively correlated (r = 0.69, P < 0.001) with increases in percent woody cover. Using the measurement of percent woody cover, we correctly classified 83 and 65% of the 17 study areas into high and low density classes, respectively, for white-tailed deer and desert mule deer. It is apparent that desert mule deer populations on rangelands in this region could be enhanced by limiting woody plant canopy cover in their habitats to about 40%. Conversely, white-tailed deer populations would be favored by encouraging brush encroachment above this level.