Special Issue: The Fiftieth Anniversary of Migration from Turkey to Germany. Introduction: (Re)Considering the Last Fifty Years of Migration and Current Immigration Policies in Germany

[...]the recruitment of workers from other coun- tries enabled upward mobility for many German workers so that between 1960 and 1970 around 2.3 million German blue-collar workers able to become white-collar employees.4 On the other hand, this policy model created a kind of new "sub-proletariat" of the guest workers themselves. According to the Turkisch-Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer (TD-IHK/Turkish-Ger- man Chamber of Commerce and Industry) there are 80,000 investors stemming from Turkey in Germany with an annual profit flow of approxi- mately EURO 40 billion.