Growth, destruction and volcanic facies architecture of three volcanic centres in the Miocene Usak-Guere basin, western Turkey: Subaqueous-subaerial volcanism in a lacustrine setting

Early to Mid-Miocene extension in western Anatolia, related to plate tectonic motions, resulted in the development of a number of normal fault-bounded sedimentary basins as well as different styles and compositions of volcanic activity. The Usak and Guere basins accumulated a thick fluvio-lacustrine fill in which three distinct volcanic edifices (Elmadag, Itecektepe and Beydagi) and their deposits can overlap with each other and with the sediments produced by the background sedimentation. In addition, complete facies architectures of small-volume (monogenetic) volcanoes have been recognised in association with the three large complex (polygenetic) volcanoes providing a complex mixed siliciclastic and volcaniclastic basin infill in the respective basins where volcanism took place.