System design for the autotrophic production of microalgae

The mass culture of microalgae has been explored over the past 35 years for the production of food, fuels and chemicals, as well as for waste treatment and gas exchange. Culture systems have evolved over this period from small experimental systems to the commercial systems which are presently in place for treatment of municipal wastewaters and for production of a number of specialty products. Further design innovation and refinement will need to draw heavily on the experience which has been gained through the operation of systems employing a wide variety of designs.