Steroid-linked nitrogen mustards as potential anticancer therapeutics: A review

•This review presents steroid-linked nitrogen mustard hybrids as anticancer agents.•Nitrogen mustard with unmodified steroidal skeleton.•Modified steroid skeleton with nitrogen mustard.•It shows the usefulness, feasibility and biological potential of the steroid-nitrogen mustard hybrids. Nitrogen mustards, an important class of drugs for cancer therapy, are known as DNA alkylating agents. The nitrogen mustards are highly reactive and, as a consequence, lack of selectivity and produce several adverse side effects. In order to minimize these undesirable effects, the attachment of nitrogen mustards to a steroidal hormone with affinity for its receptor can lead to highly selective and less toxic antineoplastic therapeutics. This review will focus on the design, synthesis and evaluation of such steroid-nitrogen mustard hybrids as antineoplastic agents. Among these compounds, modified steroids with aromatic nitrogen mustards linked by an ester function were found to have better DNA alkylating properties, improved selectivity as well as low toxicity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors”.