Gender differences in patients with atrial fibrillation

Aims We aimed to compare gender differences with respect to presentation of consecutive ambulatory patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), management of their disease, and outcomes. Methods Post-hoc analysis of an observational (non-interventional) study performed by 616 office- and hospital-based cardiologists in Germany. Consecutive (mainly ambulatory) patients with Electrocardiography (ECG) -confirmed AF and available data from baseline (BL) and two follow-up visits at 6 and 12 months were assessed. Results A total of 2,742 patients (62.8 % males, mean age 67.5 years; 37.2 % women, mean age 71.2 years) were analysed. Women had more frequently paroxysmal and less frequently permanent AF. Quality of life scores were slightly worse in women compared to men, for all types of AF. For class III anti-arrhythmic drugs at baseline (more frequent in men), and for digitalis (less frequent in men at BL and 1 year) statistically significant differences were noted. Oral anti-coagulation (OAC) without anti-platelet drugs was given in 67.9 % at BL and in 62.7 % at 1 year (no differences between genders). During follow-up, drug conversions in men/women were reported in 12.3 %/14.9 % ( p = 0.054), and electrical conversions in 14.6 %/11.7 % ( p = 0.03). Hospitalisations occurred in 25.9 % and strokes in 3.5 %. Patients with higher CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores had increased stroke rates (0, 1 and ≥ 2 points: 0.0, 1.5 and 3.9 %, respectively; with no significant gender differences). Conclusion In everyday management of patients with AF, there were no differences in treatment and major outcomes, in particular stroke, between women and men. This finding is opposed to earlier studies reporting OAC undertreatment of women and higher stroke rates.