Toward Robust Nanogenerators Using Aluminum Substrate

Nanogenerators (NG) have been developed to harvest mechanical energy from environmental sources such as vibration, human motion, or movement of automobiles. We demonstrate a robust and large‐area NG based on a cost‐effective Al substrate with the capability to be easily integrated in series and parallel for high‐output performance. The output voltage and current density of the three‐dimensionally integrated NG device reaches up to 3 V and 195 nA under human walking conditions.