Efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques for removing filling material during root canal retreatment

Aim To compare the efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques with that of hand files for removing gutta‐percha and sealer from root canals. Methodology The root canals of fifty‐four human extracted maxillary central incisors were cleaned and shaped using a crown‐down technique to a size 40 and filled with gutta‐percha and a zinc oxide–eugenol‐based sealer using a lateral compaction technique. Teeth were divided into three groups according to the technique used for removing the root filling material: group I – Gates–Glidden burs and stainless steel hand files up to size 50; group II – rotary technique with NiTi Mtwo R files and additional Mtwo files to size 50, 0.04 taper; group III – reciprocating technique with the Reciproc instrument R50, size 50, 0.05 taper. Chloroform was used as a solvent in all groups. Teeth were then split longitudinally and photographed under 8× magnification. The images were transferred to a computer, and the total canal space and remaining filling material were quantified. The ratio of remaining filling material to root canal periphery was computed with the aid of Image Tool 3.0 software. The mean percentages of remaining filling material and time required to remove it were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (P