A trs20 Mutation That Mimics an SEDT‐Causing Mutation Blocks Selective and Non‐Selective Autophagy: A Model for TRAPP III Organization

Mutations in TRAPPC2 lead to a skeletal disorder called SEDT. We show that one such mutation called D47Y prevented an interaction with Syntaxin 5. The yeast equivalent mutation in the protein Trs20 does not interfere with early secretory protein traffic but affects both selective and non‐selective autophagy. The role of TRAPP III in autophagy requires Atg9p. In addition, a Bet3p mutation that blocks palmitoylation of the protein also affects autophagy. Collectively, our data lead us to propose a model for TRAPP III organization. TRAPP is a multisubunit complex that functions in membrane traffic. Mutations in the mammalian TRAPP protein C2 are linked to the skeletal disorder spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT) that is thought to arise from an inability to secrete procollagen from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we show that C2 binds to the SNARE protein Syntaxin 5 and this interaction is weakened by an SEDT‐causing missense mutation (D47Y). Interestingly, the equivalent mutation (D46Y) in the yeast C2 homolog Trs20p does not block anterograde traffic but did affect endocytosis. The trs20D46Y mutation interfered with the interaction between Trs20p and Trs85p (TRAPP III‐specific subunit), Trs120p and Trs130p (TRAPP II‐specific subunits). Size exclusion chromatography suggested that this yeast mutation destabilized the TRAPP III complex that is involved in autophagy. We further show that this mutation blocks both the selective cytosol‐to‐vacuole (cvt) pathway as well as non‐selective autophagy. We demonstrate that the apparent molecular size of the TRAPP III complex is dependent upon membranes, and that the presence of TRAPP III is dependent upon Atg9p. Finally, we demonstrate that lipidated Bet3p is enriched in TRAPP III and that lipidation increases the efficiency of autophagy. Our study suggests that Trs20p acts as an adaptor for Trs85p and Trs120p and reveals complexities in TRAPP III assembly and function. The implications of C2D47Y in SEDT are discussed.